Exam math · Foundations
Averages and loading rates
Daily averages, and pounds-per-day loadings applied over areas or volumes for process control questions.
The formula
Average = sum over count. Loading = pounds per day over the surface area or volume it is applied to.
The unit trap
Loading answers carry compound units, pounds per day per square foot for example. Carry the units through the arithmetic and the formula corrects you when you pick wrong inputs.
Worked practice example
A practice loading of 100 pounds per day across a 500-square-foot surface is 0.2 pounds per day per square foot. (Invented numbers.)
On exam day
A formula and conversion table is provided with the standardized exam; the official version is published by the exam provider at gowpi.org. These pages teach the concepts in our own words so the sheet on the desk reads as a reminder, not a puzzle.
The rest of the math
| Volumes | Tank volume |
| Volumes | Pipe and cylinder volume |
| Flow | Flow and velocity |
| Flow | Detention time |
| Treatment math | Chemical dosage |
| Treatment math | Percent strength and dilution |
| Treatment math | Removal efficiency |
| Hydraulics | Pressure and head |
| Hydraulics | Pump and horsepower math |
| Foundations | The conversion backbone |
| Foundations | The formula-first method |
The operator math sheet
One printable page: the exam format, the formula-first drill method, and the unit-conversion discipline that decides the math questions. Free.
No spam. One useful sheet and occasional notes.